International Journal of Clinical Research

Objective To explore the correlation between different clinical stages of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children in the Ningxia region and the distribution of peripheral blood B lymphocyte subsets. Methods A total of 120 children with NS hospitalized from August 1, 2024, to August 1, 2025, were selected and divided into an acute phase group (68 cases) and a remission phase group (52 cases), with 40 healthy children as the control group. Flow cytometry with four-color antibodies was used to detect the lymphocyte subsets CD3⁺CD8⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3⁻CD19⁺, and CD3⁻CD16⁺56⁺, with a focus on analyzing the count of CD3⁻CD19⁺ B lymphocyte subsets. Results Among the children, 36 had normal B lymphocyte subset counts, while 84 had decreased or absent counts; notably, all children with decreased or absent B lymphocyte subsets were in the acute phase, while those with normal counts were in remission or under treatment during the acute phase. Conclusion Children with NS in the Ningxia region exhibit abnormal B lymphocyte subset distribution, which is closely related to the clinical stage.

Childhood nephrotic syndrome; Clinical staging; B lymphocyte subsets; Peripheral blood; Correlation analysis; Ningxia region