焦虑、自我效能感与分娩恐惧在初产与经产妇女间的差异及其内在关系

Differences and intrinsic relationships between anxiety, self-efficacy, and fear of childbirth in primiparous and multiparous women

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DOI
刊名
Journal of International Psychiatry
年,卷(期) 2025, 52(1)
作者
作者单位

山东大学护理与康复学院

摘要
【摘要】目的 比较初产与经产妇女分娩恐惧、焦虑及自我效能感。方法 2022年1月~2022年12月,选取产妇181例,其中包括初产妇68例和经产妇113例,比较初产妇和经产妇的分娩恐惧、焦虑及自我效能感,工具分别为分娩恐惧量表(Childbirth Fear Scale,CAQ)、焦虑自评量表( Self Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)、分娩自我效能量表(CSEI),并采用Pearson分析初产与经产妇女分娩恐惧、焦虑及自我效能感的相关性。结果 与经产妇比较,初产妇对医院干预与环境的恐惧(FE)、对疼痛伤害的恐惧(FLP)、对分娩时失去控制的恐惧(FLC)、对孩子健康的恐惧(FBS)评分及CAQ总分、SAS评分更高(P<0.05)。与经产妇比较,初产妇自我效能期望、结果期望评分及CSEI总分更低(P<0.05)。以CAQ总分为因变量,以SAS评分、CSEI总分为自变量,经线性回归,SAS评分正向影响初产妇和经产妇的分娩恐惧(P<0.05),CSEI总分负向影响初产妇和经产妇的分娩恐惧(P<0.05)。Bootstrap法检验显示:初产妇中,自我效能感中介效应显著(间接效应0.517,占总效应24.96%);经产妇中,该中介效应不显著(间接效应0.086,占总效应9.98%)。结论 与经产妇女相比较,初产妇女具有更高的分娩恐惧和分娩焦虑,自我效能感更低,分娩焦虑,自我效能感会影响初产妇和经产妇的分娩恐惧,且自我效能感在初产妇焦虑对分娩恐惧的影响中起中介作用。
Abstract
[Abstract] Objective Compare the fear, anxiety, and self-efficacy of childbirth between primiparous and multiparous women. Methods From January 2022 to December 2022, 181 parturients were selected, including 68 primiparous and 113 multiparous women, to compare the fear, anxiety, and self-efficacy of childbirth between primiparous and multiparous women. The tools used were the Childbirth Fear Scale (CAQ), Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Childbirth Self Efficacy Scale (CSEI). Pearson analysis was used to examine the correlation between fear, anxiety, and self-efficacy of childbirth in primiparous and multiparous women. Results Compared with multiparous women, primiparous women have higher scores in fear of hospital intervention and environment (FE), fear of pain and injury (FLP), fear of losing control during delivery (FLC), fear of child health (FBS), CAQ total score, and SAS score (P<0.05). Compared with multiparous women, primiparous women had lower self-efficacy expectations, outcome expectation scores, and CSEI total scores (P<0.05). Using CAQ total score as the dependent variable and SAS score and CSEI total score as independent variables, a linear regression was conducted. SAS score positively affected the fear of childbirth in primiparous and multiparous women (P<0.05), while CSEI total score negatively affected the fear of childbirth in primiparous and multiparous women (P<0.05). Bootstrap test showed that among primiparous women, the mediating effect of self-efficacy was significant (indirect effect 0.517, accounting for 24.96% of the total effect); Among multiparous women, the mediating effect was not significant (indirect effect 0.086, accounting for 9.98% of the total effect).Conclusion Compared with multiparous women, primiparous women have higher childbirth fear and anxiety, lower self-efficacy, and childbirth anxiety. Self efficacy affects the childbirth fear of primiparous and multiparous women, and plays a mediating role in the impact of primiparous anxiety on childbirth fear.
关键词
【关键词】初产妇;经产妇;分娩恐惧;焦虑;自我效能
KeyWord
[Key words] Primiparous women; Menstrual women; Fear of childbirth; Anxiety; Self-efficacy
基金项目
页码 177-180
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何娜. 焦虑、自我效能感与分娩恐惧在初产与经产妇女间的差异及其内在关系 [J]. 国际精神病学杂志. 2025; 52; (1). 177 - 180.

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