Modern Social Science Research

The Greek metaphysical tradition, alongside the Judeo-Christian religious heritage, is widely considered a foundational pillar of Western civilization. This intellectual lineage, particularly its emphasis on abstract and logical thought, served as the intellectual bedrock for the European Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, culminating in monumental theories such as Newton's law of gravity and Einstein's theory of relativity. This paper presents a comparative analysis of these two distinct intellectual traditions. It explores how the Greek tradition's idealistic and logical approach—as exemplified by Aristotle's formal logic and Euclidean geometry—fundamentally differs from the Chinese tradition's relationist and dialectical way of thinking, rooted in Taoism and Confucianism. Through case studies in science, political philosophy, and ethics, this study aims to reveal how these divergent modes of thought have shaped the development of their respective civilizations.

Idea; Formal logic; Relation; Dialectic