阿奎那意志学说中的亚里士多德影响:理论构建与历史争议

The Aristotelian influence in Aquinas' Theory of will: Constructing logical and historical debates

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DOI 10.12208/j.ssr.20250389
刊名
Modern Social Science Research
年,卷(期) 2025, 5(10)
作者
作者单位

1 武汉大学哲学学院 湖北武汉
2 武汉轻工大学湖北省推进我国宗教中国化研究基地 湖北武汉

摘要
意志概念在西方哲学史上经历了从古希腊的隐性存在到中世纪的明确确立过程。托马斯・阿奎那作为“意志概念”发展的关键人物,其意志学说深受亚里士多德哲学影响,同时融合基督教信仰原则。他对意志概念的理解主要来自于亚里士多德的影响。一方面,亚里士多德所认为的“意志存在于理智中”对阿奎那的意志学说起着基础性作用。另一方面,阿奎那在理解意志概念和意志行为时更是将理性原则贯穿于始终,以致阿奎那的意志学说呈现出理智主义特点而非意志主义。虽然阿奎那对理智的强调在当时并没有受到广泛欢迎,甚至遭到了某些人的非议。然而,那些非议其实是对阿奎那的误解。阿奎那自始至终都没有放弃信仰,其实他一直在坚守信仰,并努力调和理性与信仰之间的关系。
Abstract
The concept of will has undergone a process from implicit existence in ancient Greece to explicit establishment in the Middle Ages in the history of Western philosophy. Thomas Aquinas, as a key figure in the development of the "concept of will", his theory of will was deeply influenced by Aristotle's philosophy and integrated the principles of Christian faith. His understanding of the concept of will mainly originated from Aristotle's influence. On the one hand, Aristotle's view that "will exists in reason" played a fundamental role in Aquinas' theory of will. On the other hand, Aquinas consistently incorporated rational principles in his understanding of the concept and behavior of will, thus making his theory of will characterized by intellectualism rather than voluntarism. Although Aquinas' emphasis on reason was not widely welcomed at that time and even met with some criticism, those criticisms were actually misunderstandings of Aquinas. Because Aquinas never gave up his faith, in fact, he always adhered to it and endeavored to reconcile reason and faith.
关键词
阿奎那;亚里士多德;理智;意志;意志行为
KeyWord
Aquinas; Aristotle; Reason; Will; The act of will
基金项目
页码 35-41
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尚希成,, 尚真洁. 阿奎那意志学说中的亚里士多德影响:理论构建与历史争议 [J]. 现代社会科学研究. 2025; 5; (10). 35 - 41.

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