牛营养代谢疾病病因分析及与防治策略

Etiology of nutritional metabolic diseases in cattle

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DOI 10.12208/j.jafs.20250019
刊名
Journal of Agriculture and Food Science
年,卷(期) 2025, 5(2)
作者
作者单位

1 乐山师范学院 乐山四川 2 沈阳海关技术中心 沈阳辽宁 3 北京挑战科技发展有限公司 北京

摘要
本文系统阐述了牛营养代谢疾病的分类、病因、临床症状、诊断方法及综合防治策略。该类疾病主要分为能量代谢障碍、矿物质代谢障碍、维生素代谢障碍和蛋白质代谢障碍四类。文章结合典型病例(如酮病、低镁血症、维生素A缺乏症、蛋白质缺乏症等),分析其发病机制与临床表现,并介绍临床观察、实验室检测、饲料分析、治疗性诊断及剖检等诊断方法。防治措施强调科学配饲、精准营养、环境与应激管理及健康监测,同时指出当前防治中存在的难点(如亚临床病例识别困难、多病并发、养殖户意识薄弱等),并提出相应对策。未来研究应借助组学技术、新型饲料添加剂和智能化手段,推动牛代谢病防治向精准化、高效化方向发展。
Abstract
This paper systematically elaborates on the classification, etiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, and comprehensive prevention strategies of bovine nutritional metabolic diseases. These disorders are primarily categorized into four types: energy metabolism disorders, mineral metabolism disorders, vitamin metabolism disorders, and protein metabolism disorders. Typical cases such as ketosis, hypomagnesemia, vitamin A deficiency, and protein deficiency are discussed, analyzing their pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Diagnostic approaches include clinical observation, laboratory testing, feed analysis, therapeutic diagnosis, and necropsy. Prevention and control measures emphasize scientific feed formulation, precision nutrition, environmental and stress management, and health monitoring. Current challenges in disease control are also addressed, including difficulties in identifying subclinical cases, disease comorbidities, and limited awareness among farmers. Future research should leverage omics technologies, novel feed additives, and intelligent monitoring systems to advance the prevention and treatment of bovine metabolic diseases towards greater precision and efficiency.
关键词
牛营养代谢疾病;能量负平衡;临床症状;诊断方法;综合防治
KeyWord
Bovine nutritional metabolic diseases; Negative energy balance; Clinical symptoms; Diagnostic methods; Integrated prevention and control
基金项目
页码 44-49
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符秋菊, 林涛, 王穗, 谢若维,,, 杨竞婷, 于翔宇, 张瑞, 周临. 牛营养代谢疾病病因分析及与防治策略 [J]. 农业与食品科学. 2025; 5; (2). 44 - 49.

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