近现代苏州蛇伤医药的发展与传承

The development and inheritance of modern and contemporary snakebite medicine in Suzhou

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DOI 10.12208/j.ircm.20250039
刊名
International Research in Chinese Medicine
年,卷(期) 2025, 5(4)
作者
作者单位

1 苏州卫生职业技术学院 江苏苏州 2 苏州市中医医院 江苏苏州 3 江阴市中医院 江苏无锡

摘要
苏州蛇伤治疗历史悠久,民间积累了大量方药,却失于文字记载。民国时期,个别医家开始注意收录蛇伤方药。新中国成立初期,苏州政府通过号召献方、采风访贤,通过各界将群众所献蛇伤方药整理出版,将确有治验的民间蛇医请进医院开设专科门诊,研究和传承其医术。20世纪70年代,苏州医药专家对疗效显著的蛇伤方药进行剂型改良,研制出了“吴江蛇药”等中药蛇伤制剂并组织鉴定。改革开放后抗蛇毒血清逐渐在急救中取代中药蛇伤制剂,中医药的临床首位度虽让位于西医急救,但仍有不可或缺的作用。苏州蛇伤定点救治医院摸索出以针刺穴位“八邪/八风”排毒、外用中药敷贴消肿、内服中药或中药蛇伤制剂解毒辅助抗蛇毒血清治疗的模式。这一历程体现了从散在民间经验,到政府主导的系统性收集、研究与制剂开发,再到与现代医学急救体系融合,最终形成具有吴门医派特色的规范化蛇伤专科的完整发展路径。
Abstract
Suzhou has a long history of snakebite treatment, with a wealth of folk prescriptions and remedies accumulated among the people, yet many of them lack written records. During the Republic of China period, a small number of physicians began to pay attention to collecting snakebite prescriptions. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the Suzhou government called on the public to contribute prescriptions, conducted field investigations to seek out experienced medical practitioners, organized and published the snakebite prescriptions donated by the people through various sectors, and invited folk snakebite herbalists with proven clinical efficacy to work in hospitals and set up specialized outpatient services, so as to study and inherit their medical skills. In the 1970s, medical scientists in Suzhou improved the dosage forms of snakebite prescriptions with significant curative effects and developed traditional Chinese medicine snakebite preparations such as “Wujiang Snakebite Medicine” and organize the appraisal. After the reform and opening up, though antivenom gradually replaced traditional Chinese medicine snakebite preparations in emergency treatment, it still plays an indispensable role. Suzhou Snakebite Designated Treatment Hospital has developed a therapeutic model that combines acupuncture at “Eight Pathogens/Eight Winds” acupoints for detoxification, topical application of Chinese herbal patches for swelling reduction, and oral administration of Chinese herbal medicines or snakebite-specific preparations for detoxification, as adjunctive therapy to antivenom treatment. This process demonstrates a complete developmental trajectory of snakebite specialty medicine with distinctive Wu School characteristics, evolving from scattered folk experience to systematic collection, research, and formulation development under government leadership, then integration with modern medical emergency systems.
关键词
蛇伤;蛇医;中医药;吴门医派
KeyWord
Snakebite; Snakebite herbalist; Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); Wumen School of Medicine
基金项目
页码 23-32
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高忠恩, 师为人, 张宇佳, 仲泽昊. 近现代苏州蛇伤医药的发展与传承 [J]. 国际中医药研究. 2025; 5; (4). 23 - 32.

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