International Journal of Clinical Research

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a prevalent microvascular complication, is the primary cause of blindness in adults. The pathogenesis of DR is complex and primarily involves inflammation, oxidative stress, neurovascular dysfunction, and numerous other factors. Currently, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy represents the optimal treatment option for DR. Additionally, various biological therapies are under active investigation and development. However, pharmacological interventions predominantly target the advanced stages of the disease, fail to reverse established retinopathy, and may result in adverse effects with prolonged use. To date, there are limited specific interventions capable of addressing early-stage DR. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel therapeutic strategies based on a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of DR, whether local or systemic, to preserve patients vision as effectively as possible and achieve early disease reversal.

Diabetic retinopathy; Drug treatment; Biological therapy; Surgical treatment; Research progress