脊髓电刺激对坐骨神经损伤大鼠脊髓神经元保护机制的研究进展

Research progress on the protective mechanism of spinal cord electrical stimulation on spinal cord neurons in rats with sciatic nerve injury

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DOI 10.12208/j.ijmd.20260058
刊名
International Journal of Medicine and Data
年,卷(期) 2026, 10(2)
作者
作者单位

潍坊市益都中心医院神经外科 山东潍坊;
潍坊市益都中心医院疼痛科 山东潍坊;

摘要
坐骨神经损伤经过轴突逆行传导,引起脊髓神经元继发性损伤,导致修复神经功能难度增加。研究以坐骨神经损伤大鼠为研究对象,系统梳理发病机制和病理特征,总结脊髓电刺激技术的应用现状,对其保护脊髓神经元的相关机制进行深入探讨。研究发现,单纯脊髓电刺激主要通过神经炎症抑制、神经病理性疼痛缓解、神经元凋亡拮抗以及神经环路重塑等途径发挥神经保护作用。与组织移植、运动训练、推拿等其他方法联合使用可产生较好的协同作用,使整体修复效果进一步提升。与局部神经电刺激对比结果显示,脊髓电刺激可以对中枢神经组织产生直接作用,在脊髓神经元保护、中枢继发性损伤逆转等多方面有显著优势。通过综述分析,明确了脊髓电刺激的应用特点和具体作用机制,为后续优化坐骨神经损伤继发脊髓损伤干预方案提供理论参考。
Abstract
Sciatic nerve injury, via retrograde axonal conduction, causes secondary damage to spinal cord neurons, increasing the difficulty of repairing nerve function. This study, using rats with sciatic nerve injury as the research subjects, systematically reviewed the pathogenesis and pathological characteristics, summarized the current application status of spinal cord electrical stimulation technology, and explored its related mechanisms for protecting spinal cord neurons. The study found that simple spinal cord electrical stimulation mainly exerts its neuroprotective effect through pathways such as inhibition of neuroinflammation, relief of neuropathic pain, antagonism of neuronal apoptosis, and neural circuit remodeling. Combined use with other methods such as tissue transplantation, exercise training, and massage can produce better synergistic effects, further enhancing the overall repair effect. Compared with local nerve electrical stimulation, the results show that spinal cord electrical stimulation can directly affect central nervous tissue, exhibiting significant advantages in spinal cord neuron protection and reversal of secondary central nervous system injury. This review and analysis clarified the application characteristics and specific mechanisms of action of spinal cord electrical stimulation, providing a theoretical reference for optimizing intervention programs for spinal cord injury secondary to sciatic nerve injury.
关键词
脊髓电刺激;坐骨神经损伤;大鼠;脊髓神经元;保护机制
KeyWord
Spinal cord electrical stimulation; Sciatic nerve injury; Rats; Spinal cord neurons; Protective mechanism
基金项目
页码 82-86
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刘艳红, 钟波. 脊髓电刺激对坐骨神经损伤大鼠脊髓神经元保护机制的研究进展 [J]. 国际医学与数据杂志. 2026; 10; (2). 82 - 86.

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