Journal of Engineering Research

The migration of heavy metals in the soil-plant system of rare earth mining areas can trigger ecological risks and food safety issues, and the selection of control technologies directly affects the remediation effect and cost. Physical control technologies reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals through isolation or immobilization; chemical technologies alter the forms of heavy metals with modifiers; biological technologies utilize plants or microorganisms to absorb and transform heavy metals. Different technologies vary in applicable scenarios, control efficiency, and environmental impacts: physical technologies take effect quickly but with high costs; chemical technologies are prone to causing secondary pollution; biological technologies are more sustainable but require a long cycle. Comparative analysis of the core mechanisms, application conditions, and actual effectiveness of various technologies can provide a scientific basis for selecting heavy metal pollution control measures in rare earth mining areas, which is of great value for promoting ecological remediation and sustainable development of mining areas.

Rare earth mining areas; Soil-plant system; Heavy metal migration; Control technologies; Technology comparison