Journal of Engineering Research

While the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model has been widely adopted in infrastructure development, persistent financing risks often hinder project implementation and revenue generation. Analysis of risk causes and distribution patterns reveals that excessive risk exposure by individual entities leads to increased capital costs and project instability. Optimizing risk-sharing mechanisms should adhere to principles of fairness, efficiency, and sustainability. By integrating contract design, guarantee systems, and government guidance, this approach facilitates rational risk allocation among stakeholders. Such mechanism optimization helps alleviate financing pressures, enhances private capital participation enthusiasm, and promotes long-term stable operation of infrastructure investments.

PPP model; Infrastructure; Financing risks; Risk-sharing mechanisms; Optimization