无人船艇发展现状与特点分析

Development status and characteristics analysis of unmanned surface vessel

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DOI 10.12208/j.jesr.20250001
刊名
Journal of Earth Science Research
年,卷(期) 2025, 4(1)
作者
作者单位

国家海洋技术中心 天津

摘要
近年来,无人船(USV)因其技术优势和广泛的应用前景备受关注。作为智能海洋技术装备的重要组成部分,无人船具备高效、灵活、低成本等显著优势,能够在海洋环境监测、资源勘探、国防安全以及灾害应急等领域发挥重要作用。在全球对智能海洋发展的高度重视下,无人船的研发与应用已成为国际科技和产业竞争的焦点之一。本文系统梳理了无人船的发展历程,通过对全球范围内典型国家(美国、以色列、中国等)代表性无人船艇的技术参数与应用特征进行横向比较,统计其船长与航速演进趋势,进一步剖析无人艇在军事、环境监测、灾害应急等多领域的融合应用潜力与挑战,旨在为后续技术优化与政策制定提供理论参考。
Abstract
In recent years, unmanned surface vessel (USV) have garnered significant attention due to their technological advantages and broad application prospects. As a critical component of intelligent ocean technology, USV offer notable advantages such as efficiency, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, enabling them to play vital roles in marine environmental monitoring, resource exploration, national defense, and disaster response. With the global emphasis on advancing intelligent ocean technologies, the development and application of USV have become a focal point of international scientific and industrial competition. This paper systematically reviews the development of unmanned surface vehicle (USV). It conducts a horizontal comparison of technical specifications and application features of representative USV from typical countries like the United States, Israel, and China. By analyzing the evolutionary trends of USV length and speed, it delves into the potential and challenges of integrating USV into multiple fields, including military operations, environmental monitoring, and disaster response. The paper provides a theoretical basis for future technical improvements and policy development.
关键词
无人船;人工智能;模块化设计;自主控制系统;国际比较;应用前景
KeyWord
Unmanned surface vessel; Artificial intelligence; Modular design; Autonomous control system; International comparison; Application prospects
基金项目
页码 24-32
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王祎, 魏连雪. 无人船艇发展现状与特点分析 [J]. 地球科学研究. 2025; 4; (1). 24 - 32.

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