JSR

This mixed-methods research examined the impact of the Guardians of the Park program, a 10-week nature-based intervention supporting adolescents experiencing social and educational disadvantage in Western Sydney. Grounded in biophilia theory and utilising a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, the study explored whether immersive habitat restoration, cultural learning, and outdoor education could strengthen nature connectedness, self-esteem, and social-emotional wellbeing. Quantitative data were collected using the Extended Inclusion of Nature in Self (EINS) scale, complemented by qualitative data from observations, interviews, and reflective field notes. Due to irregular attendance and literacy challenges, qualitative data emerged as the most reliable indicator of student experience and change. Findings demonstrated notable improvements in social skills, confidence, autonomy, and executive functioning. Participants showed strengthened peer relationships, increased willingness to take on leadership roles, and greater emotional regulation. A deepening attunement to place emerged as students became more observant, appreciative, and respectful of the natural environment. Cultural engagement with First Nations educators proved particularly influential, fostering belonging, curiosity, and connection to Country. The program structure, flexible, relational, experiential, and strengths-based, was found to support its effectiveness. From these findings, a set of provisional design principles were analytically derived, highlight the importance of cultural grounding, reflective practice, intergenerational connection, and participatory program structures. The study suggests that structured nature-based programs may support pro-social behaviour, wellbeing, and ecological connection among disengaged youth, offering insights to inform future research and contextually responsive practice across education, public health, and community initiatives. A longer-term project implementation phase will extend through 2028 to refine tools and measure sustained effects.

sustainability education; disadvantaged adolescents; urban greenspace; nature connectedness; nature and wellbeing