International Journal of Clinical Research

Preterm birth is a common pregnancy complication and a significant cause of mortality and disability among neonates and children under five years old. Spontaneous preterm birth accounts for about two-thirds of all preterm cases, with its pathophysiology involving multiple factors and systems interacting in complex ways, leading to considerable clinical heterogeneity and prediction challenges. Therefore, identifying and establishing convenient, accurate, and non-invasive predictive factors and diagnostic methods for preterm birth, exploring and applying appropriate and advanced statistical methods, and developing high-sensitivity and specificity preterm birth warning mechanisms are challenging areas in obstetrics. This review aims to summarize recent research on risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth and their clinical applications, providing theoretical basis for optimizing preterm birth prevention and treatment strategies, and offering translational medicine research ideas for personalized prenatal interventions.

Spontaneous preterm birth; Risk factors; Research progress