动量守恒定律与角动量守恒定律的协变性疑难
The difficulty of covariance between the law of conservation of momentum and the law of conservation of angular momentum
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| DOI |
10.12208/j.ije.20250248 |
| 刊名 |
International Journal of Education
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| 年，卷(期) |
2025, 7(7) |
| 作者 |
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| 作者单位 |
山东济南市长清第一中学 山东济南
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| 摘要 |
爱因斯坦认为相对性原理具有普适性，满足相对性原理是一个物理理论成立的必要条件。本文的分析表明：经典角动量守恒定律不具有伽利略变换的不变性，经典动量守恒定律虽然具有伽利略变换的不变性，但是对于非惯性系系不协变，这是相对性原理所不允许的。为此笔者重新表述角动量守恒定律和动量守恒定律，使其对于任何参照系都协变，巩固了协变性和对称性在现代物理学中的核心地位，最后对经典力学中三大守恒定律进行了比较，发现三大守恒定律表述形式既相似也有区别，这是对称的绝对性和相对性表现形式。
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| Abstract |
Einstein believed that the principle of relativity is universal, and satisfying the principle of relativity is a necessary condition for the validity of a physical theory. The analysis in this paper shows that the classical law of conservation of angular momentum is not invariant under Galilean transformation, while the classical law of conservation of momentum is invariant under Galilean transformation but not covariant in non-inertial systems, which is not allowed by the principle of relativity. Therefore, the author restates the laws of conservation of angular momentum and momentum to make them covariant in any reference frame, consolidating the core status of covariance and symmetry in modern physics. Finally, a comparison of the three conservation laws in classical mechanics is carried out, and it is found that the expression forms of the three conservation laws are both similar and different, which is the manifestation form of the absoluteness and relativity of symmetry.
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| 关键词 |
角动量守恒定律；角动量定理；动量守恒定律；力学相对性原理；协变性
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| KeyWord |
Conservation law of angular momentum; Angular momentum theorem; Law of conservation of momentum; Principle of relativity in mechanics; Covariance
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| 基金项目 |
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| 页码 |
30-38 |
李学生*.
动量守恒定律与角动量守恒定律的协变性疑难 [J].
国际教育学.
2025; 7; (7).
30 - 38.