滇西三台山橄榄岩风化壳中的硅质岩和铁锰氧化物成因及其意义-岩石矿物学杂志-CSCIED科技核心评价数据库-手机版

滇西三台山橄榄岩风化壳中的硅质岩和铁锰氧化物成因及其意义

The genesis of cherts and ferri-manganese oxides in the weathering crust on the top of the Santaishan peridotites, western Yunnan and their implications

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DOI	10.20086/j.cnki.yskw.2025.3118
刊名	岩石矿物学杂志 Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica
年，卷(期)	2025, 44(3)
作者	任玉峰，戚学祥，王涛，吉风宝，韦诚，刘旭峰,
作者单位	1. 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 自然资源部大陆动力学重点实验室, 北京 100037; 2. 西藏自然科学博物馆, 西藏拉萨 850000
摘要	滇西三台山蛇纹石化橄榄岩的顶部风化壳中发育大量红色块状硅质岩和一些含暗色不规则条带状含锰氧化物的团块和结壳,这些硅质岩及含锰氧化物团块和结壳的形态、化学成分和矿物共生组合不同于深海成因的硅质岩和锰结核。暗色含锰氧化物团块可分为铁锰氧化物和锰钴氧化物两类。能谱分析结果显示,铁锰氧化物成分复杂且不均匀,除了富含Mn和Fe外,还含有较多的Al、Co、Ni、K、Ba,Mn和Fe分离程度低,Mn/Fe值为0.1~12.6;锰钴氧化物富含Mn、Co、Al、Ni和少量K、Ca、Si,Mn、Fe分离程度高。粉晶X射线衍射分析结果显示,铁锰氧化物呈锰钡矿结构,与隐晶质的赤铁矿、针铁矿和黏土矿物共生,对Al、K、Ba、Co和Ni具有富集作用; 锰钴氧化物呈锂硬锰矿结构,与隐晶质的赤铁矿和燧石共生,强烈富集Co、Al和一定量的Ni。基于能谱和电子探针、粉晶X射线衍射及全岩化学分析,提出这些硅质岩及含锰氧化物团块和结壳是橄榄岩经长期大气降水淋滤、酸化和氧化还原作用形成的胶体沉淀产物。橄榄岩中易溶解的Mg、Ca元素流失,难溶解的Si、Fe、Al元素残留。硅酸由于排水不畅而滞留沉淀形成硅质岩。干湿交替的气候条件造成铁锰氧化物胶体沉积,形成团块和结壳。表生作用使橄榄岩风化并富集了Fe、Al、Co、Ni、Cr、Mn及Sc、Y元素,提高了其潜在的经济价值。
Abstract	Many red chert blocks and some irregular stripped manganese-oxide aggregates and crusts are developed in the laterite on the top of the Santaishan peridotites, western Yunnan. Those cherts and manganese nodulars are unlike the marine facies ones in shape, chemical compositions and mineral assemblage. Those dark manganese-oxide aggregates and crusts can be classified as ferri-manganese and cobalt-manganese oxides. The energy spectrum analytical results show the ferri-manganese oxides are complicated and nonuniform in their chemical compositions, with main Mn and Fe and minor Al, Co, Ni, K and Ba elements. The separation degree between Mn and Fe elements is low with Mn/Fe ratios of 0.1~12.6. The cobalt-manganese oxides consist of main Mn, Co, Al, Ni and minor K, Ca and Si, showing high separation degree between Mn and Fe. X-ray powder diffraction analyses show that the ferri-manganese oxides occur as hollandite in crystal structure, and coexist with cryptocrystalline hematite, goethite and clay minerals, having capability of enrichment in Al, K, Ba, Co and Ni elements. The cobalt-manganese oxides is with lithiophorite crystal structure, and is associated with cryptocrystalline hematites and cherts, having capability of enrichment strongly in Co, Al and middle in Ni elements. Based on the methods of energy spectrum, microprobe, X-ray powder diffraction, and whole rock chemical analyses, we conclude that those manganese-oxide aggregates and crusts are generated in the supergene conditions of long-lasting leaching by atmospheric precipitation, acidification and redox on the peridotites, where Ca and Mg in the silicate minerals are lost and Si, Fe and Al are residual. Silicic acid was retained and altered to cherts due to poor drainage condition. Iron- and manganese-oxide gels were precipitated as aggregates and crusts under the alternation of wetting and drying climates. The supergenesis has transformed the peridotites to Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Cr, Mn, Sc and Y enriched laterite with potential economic values.
关键词	硅质岩；铁锰氧化物；地幔橄榄岩；表生作用；三台山；滇西
KeyWord	chert; ferri-manganese oxide; peridotite; supergenesis; Santaishan; western Yunnan
基金项目
页码	522-534

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任玉峰，戚学祥，王涛，吉风宝，韦诚，刘旭峰. 滇西三台山橄榄岩风化壳中的硅质岩和铁锰氧化物成因及其意义 [J]. 岩石矿物学杂志. 2025; 44; (3). 522 - 534.

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