[1] Cheng C, Wentworth K, Shoback DM. New Frontiers in Osteoporosis Therapy. Annu Rev Med 2020;71:277-88.

[2] Bonnet N, Bourgoin L, Biver E, et al. RANKL inhibition improves muscle strength and insulin sensitivity and restores bone mass. J Clin Invest 2019;129:3214-23.

[3] McClung MR, Lewiecki EM, Cohen SB, et al. Denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. N Engl J Med 2006;354:821-31.

[4] Branstetter DG, Nelson SD, Manivel JC, et al. Denosumab induces tumor reduction and bone formation in patients with giant-cell tumor of bone. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18: 4415-24. 

[5] Shroff R, Beringer O, Rao K, et al. Denosumab for posttrans plantation hypercalcemia in osteopetrosis. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1766-7. 

[6] Semler O, Netzer C, Hoyer-Kuhn H, et al. First use of the RANKL antibody denosumab in osteogenesis imperfecta type VI. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2012;12:183-8.

[7] Boyce AM, Chong WH, Yao J, et al. Denosumab treatment for fibrous dysplasia. J Bone Miner Res 2012;27:1462-70. 

[8] Naidu A, Malmquist MP, Denham CA, et al. Management of central giant cell granuloma with subcutaneous denosumab therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;72:2469-84.

[9] McDonald MM, Khoo WH, Ng PY, et al. Osteoclasts recycle via osteomorphs during RANKL-stimulated bone resorption. Cell 2021;184:1940.

[10] Rønne MS, Heidemann M, Schou A, et al. Tracking of bone mass from childhood to puberty: a 7-year follow-up. The CHAMPS study DK. Osteoporos Int 2018;29:1843-52.

[11] Hofbauer LC, Schoppet M. Clinical implications of the osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK system for bone and vascular diseases. JAMA 2004;292:490-5. 

[12] Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, et al. Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 1998;93:165-76.

[13] Sutjandra L, Rodriguez RD, Doshi S, et al. Population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of denosumab in healthy subjects and postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2011;50:793-807.

[14] Lipton A, Fizazi K, Stopeck AT, et al. Superiority of denosumab to zoledronic acid for prevention of skeletal-related events: a combined analysis of 3 pivotal, randomised, phase 3 trials. Eur J Cancer 2012;48:3082-92. 

[15] Zhou Z, Chen C, Zhang J, et al. Safety of denosumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or low bone mineral density: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7:2113-22. 16. 

[16] Boyce AM. Denosumab: an Emerging Therapy in Pediatric Bone Disorders. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017;15:283-92. 

[17] Body JJ, Lipton A, Gralow J, et al. Effects of denosumab in patients with bone metastases with and without previous bisphosphonate exposure. J Bone Miner Res 2010;25:440-6. 

[18] Koldkjær Sølling AS, Harsløf T, Kaal A, et al. Hypercalcemia after discontinuation of long-term denosumab treatment. Osteoporos Int 2016;27:2383-6.

[19] Lewiecki EM. Bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis: insights for clinicians. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2010;1:115-28. 

[20] Cummings SR, San Martin J, McClung MR, et al. Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2009;361:756-65.

[21] Semler O, Netzer C, Hoyer-Kuhn H, et al. First use of the RANKL antibody denosumab in osteogenesis imperfecta type VI. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2012;12:183-8.

[22] Ward L, Bardai G, Moffatt P, et al. Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type VI in Individuals from Northern Canada. Calcif Tissue Int 2016;98:566-72.

[23] Hoyer-Kuhn H, Franklin J, Allo G, et al. Safety and efficacy of denosumab in children with osteogenesis imperfect--a first prospective trial. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2016;16:24-32. 24. 

[24] Uehara M, Nakamura Y, Takahashi J, et al. Efficacy of Denosumab for Osteoporosis in Three Female Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Tohoku J Exp Med 2017;242:115-20.

[25] Hoyer-Kuhn H, Rehberg M, Netzer C, et al. Individualized treatment with denosumab in children with osteogenesis imperfecta - follow up of a trial cohort. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019;14:219.

[26] Parisi MS, Oliveri B, Mautalen CA. Effect of intravenous pamidronate on bone markers and local bone mineral density in fibrous dysplasia. Bone 2003;33:582-8. 

[27] Palmisano B, Spica E, Remoli C, et al. RANKL Inhibition in Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone: A Preclinical Study in a Mouse Model of the Human Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2019;34:2171-82. 

[28] Meier ME, van der Bruggen W, van de Sande MAJ, et al. Regression of fibrous dysplasia in response to denosumab therapy: A report of two cases. Bone Rep 2021;14:101058.

[29] Collins MT, de Castro LF, Boyce AM. Denosumab for Fibrous Dysplasia: Promising, but Questions Remain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020;105:e4179-80.

[30] Boyce AM, Chong WH, Yao J, et al. Denosumab treatment for fibrous dysplasia. J Bone Miner Res 2012;27:1462-70.

[31] Wang HD, Boyce AM, Tsai JY, et al. Effects of denosumab treatment and discontinuation on human growth plates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:891-7.

[32] Majoor BCJ, Papapoulos SE, Dijkstra PDS, et al. Denosumab in Patients With Fibrous Dysplasia Previously Treated With Bisphosphonates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019;104:6069-78.

[33] Raborn LN, Burke AB, Ebb DH, et al. Denosumab for craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: duration of efficacy and posttreatment effects. Osteoporos Int 2021;32:1889-93.

[34] Palmisano B, Spica E, Remoli C, et al. RANKL Inhibition in Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone: A Preclinical Study in a Mouse Model of the Human Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2019;34:2171-82.

[35] Martinez V, Sissons HA. Aneurysmal bone cyst. A review of 123 cases including primary lesions and those secondary to other bone pathology. Cancer 1988;61:2291-304.

[36] Vergel De Dios AM, Bond JR, Shives TC, et al. Aneurysmal bone cyst. A clinicopathologic study of 238 cases. Cancer 1992;69:2921-31. 

[37] Oliveira AM, Chou MM. USP6-induced neoplasms: the biologic spectrum of aneurysmal bone cyst and nodular fasciitis. Hum Pathol 2014;45:1-11.

[38] Oliveira AM, Perez-Atayde AR, Dal Cin P, et al. Aneurysmal bone cyst variant translocations upregulate USP6 transcription by promoter swapping with the ZNF9, COL1A1, TRAP150, and OMD genes. Oncogene 2005;24: 3419-26.

[39] Muratori F, Mondanelli N, Rizzo AR, et al. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: A Review of Management. Surg Technol Int 2019;35:325-35.

[40] Shiels WE 2nd, Mayerson JL. Percutaneous doxycycline treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts with low recurrence rate: a preliminary report. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013;471: 2675-83. 

[41] Park HY, Yang SK, Sheppard WL, et al. Current management of aneurysmal bone cysts. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2016; 9:435-44.

[42] Alhumaid I, Abu-Zaid A. Denosumab Therapy in the Management of Aneurysmal Bone Cysts: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Cureus 2019;11:e3989.

[43] Pelle DW, Ringler JW, Peacock JD, et al. Targeting receptor-activator of nuclear kappaB ligand in aneurysmal bone cysts: verification of target and therapeutic response. Transl Res 2014;164:139-48.

[44] Fontenot PB, Jesurajan J, Bui M, et al. Recurrent Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Distal Fibula Treated with Denosumab and Curettage. Case Rep Oncol Med 2018; 2018: 1574343.

[45] Raux S, Bouhamama A, Gaspar N, et al. Denosumab for treating aneurysmal bone cysts in children. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2019; 105:1181-5.

[46] Dunnion S, Paterson A, Johnston R. Dense sclerotic metaphyseal bands caused by denosumab therapy. Pediatr Radiol 2020;50:877-8.

[47] Fadavi P, Arefpour AM, Hariri R, et al. Dramatic response of aneurysmal bone cyst to denosumab: Case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2021;9:e04993.

[48] Harcus M, Aldridge S, Abudu A, et al. The Efficacy of Denosumab in the Management of a Tibial Paediatric Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Compromised by Rebound

[49] Errani C, Ruggieri P, Asenzio MA, et al. Giant cell tumor of the extremity: A review of 349 cases from a single institution. Cancer Treat Rev 2010;36:1-7.

[50] Sydlik C, Dürr HR, Pozza SB, et al. Hypercalcaemia after treatment with denosumab in children: bisphosphonates as an option for therapy and prevention? World J Pediatr 2020;16:520-7.

[51] Chawla S, Blay JY, Rutkowski P, et al. Denosumab in patients with giant-cell tumour of bone: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2019;20:1719-29.

[52] Tsukamoto S, Mavrogenis AF, Kido A, et al. Current Concepts in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumors of Bone. Cancers (Basel) 2021;13:3647.

[53] Karras NA, Polgreen LE, Ogilvie C, et al. Denosumab treatment of metastatic giant-cell tumor of bone in a 10-year-old girl. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:e200-2.

[54] Reddy K, Ramirez L, Kukreja K, et al. Response to Denosumab in 2 Children With Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of the Bone With Pulmonary Metastasis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021;43:e215-8.

[55] Uday S, Gaston CL, Rogers L, et al. Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Rebound Hypercalcemia in Young People Treated With Denosumab for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018;103:596-603.

[56] Liede A, Bach BA, Stryker S, et al. Regional variation and challenges in estimating the incidence of giant cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:1999-2007

[57] Arbeitsgemeinschaft Knochentumoren; Becker WT, Dohle J, et al. Local recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone after intralesional treatment with and without adjuvant therapy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:1060-7.

[58] Upfill-Brown A, Bukata S, Bernthal NM, et al. Use of Denosumab in Children With Osteoclast Bone Dysplasias: Report of Three Cases. JBMR Plus 2019;3:e10210. 

[59] Bredell M, Rordorf T, Kroiss S, et al. Denosumab as a Treatment Alternative for Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A Long-Term Retrospective Cohort Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018;76:775-84.

[60] Naidu A, Malmquist MP, Denham CA, et al. Management of central giant cell granuloma with subcutaneous denosumab therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;72:2469-84.

[61] Rhou YJJ, Wang CJ, Nguyen M, et al. Clinical and Radiologic Response of Central Giant Cell Granuloma to Denosumab: A 6-Year Prospective Observational Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2022;110:464-74.

[62] Choe M, Smith V, Okcu MF, et al. Treatment of central giant cell granuloma in children with denosumab. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021;68:e28778. 

[63] Mariz BALA, Migliorati CA, Alves FA, et al. Successful denosumab treatment for central giant cell granuloma in a 9-year-old child. Spec Care Dentist 2021;41:519-25.

[64] Shroff R, Beringer O, Rao K, et al. Denosumab for posttransplantation hypercalcemia in osteopetrosis. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1766-7.

[65] Grasemann C, Schündeln MM, Hövel M, et al. Effects of RANK-ligand antibody (denosumab) treatment on bone turnover markers in a girl with juvenile Paget's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:3121-6.

[66] Anastasilakis AD, Toulis KA, Polyzos SA, et al. Long-term treatment of osteoporosis: safety and efficacy appraisal of denosumab. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2012;8:295-306. 

[67] Huang TH, Liu HC, Hou JY, et al. Efficacy and safety of denosumab therapy for low bone mineral density in childhood cancer survivors: A report of preliminary experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019;66:e27927. 

[68] Scheinberg MA, Golmia RP, Sallum AM, et al. Bone health in cerebral palsy and introduction of a novel therapy. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2015;13:555-9.

[69] Kumaki D, Nakamura Y, Sakai N, et al. Efficacy of Denosumab for Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in an Adolescent Patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2018;8:e22.

[70] Kong YY, Yoshida H, Sarosi I, et al. OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature 1999;397:315-23.

[71] Dunnion S, Paterson A, Johnston R. Dense sclerotic metaphyseal bands caused by denosumab therapy. Pediatr Radiol 2020;50:877-8.

[72] Hoyer-Kuhn H, Semler O, Schoenau E. Effect of denosumab on the growing skeleton in osteogenesis imperfecta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:3954-5.

[73] Wang HD, Boyce AM, Tsai JY, et al. Effects of denosumab treatment and discontinuation on human growth plates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:891-7.

[74] Raux S, Bouhamama A, Gaspar N, et al. Denosumab for treating aneurysmal bone cysts in children. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2019;105:1181-5.

[75] Burckhardt P, Faouzi M, Buclin T, et al. Fractures After Denosumab Discontinuation: A Retrospective Study of 797 Cases. J Bone Miner Res 2021;36:1717-28.

[76] Zheng S, Gaitonde P, Andrew MA, et al. Model-based assessment of dosing strategies in children for monoclonal antibodies exhibiting target-mediated drug disposition. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2014;3:e138.

[77] Hoyer-Kuhn H, Rehberg M, Netzer C, et al. Individualized treatment with denosumab in children with osteogenesis imperfecta - follow up of a trial cohort. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019;14:219.